{"id":3700,"date":"2018-02-19T01:00:37","date_gmt":"2018-02-18T22:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ufukonen.com\/tr\/?p=3700"},"modified":"2018-02-11T18:13:59","modified_gmt":"2018-02-11T15:13:59","slug":"headroom-nedir-ve-neden-onemlidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufukonen.com\/tr\/headroom-nedir-ve-neden-onemlidir.html","title":{"rendered":"Headroom Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

“Headroom nedir?” “Headroom neden \u00f6nemlidir?” Bu sorular\u0131 cevaplamadan \u00f6nce dinamik alan\u0131n (dynamic range) ne oldu\u011funu iyi anlamak gerekir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dinamik Alan<\/h3>\n

Dinamik alan, sinyalde g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc e\u015fi\u011fi ile bozulma (distortion) noktas\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalan aland\u0131r. Daha basit bir anlat\u0131mla, dinamik alan, sinyalde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve en y\u00fcksek seviyeler aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131r. En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviye sinyalin dip sese kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, dip ses i\u00e7inde kaybolmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktad\u0131r. En y\u00fcksek seviye ise sinyalin bozulmadan (sinyalde distortion olmadan) \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi en \u00fcst noktad\u0131r. Dinamik alan, dB cinsinden ifade edilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Normal \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Seviyesi<\/h3>\n

G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc e\u015fi\u011fi ve bozulma noktas\u0131na ek olarak bir de \u0130ngilizcede “nominal operating level” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan normal (ya da ideal) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma seviyesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Analog sistemlerde 0 VU normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma seviyesi olarak kabul edilir. 0 VU de\u011feri profesyonel cihazlarda +4 dBm (1.228 Volt), yar\u0131-profesyonel ve ev tipi cihazlar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011funda ise -10 dBV (0.316) de\u011ferine g\u00f6re kalibre edilir. Profesyonel analog cihazlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda \u00fcst nokta (bozulma olmadan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131labilecek en y\u00fcksek seviye) +24 dBm civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"

VU Meter (Ses Kay\u0131t ve M\u00fczik Teknolojileri adl\u0131 kitab\u0131mdan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dijital sistemlerde dBFS skalas\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sistemlerde normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma seviyesi farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermektedir. Yayg\u0131n olarak -20 dBFS, -14 dBFS ve -12 dBFS seviyeleri referans olarak kabul edilir. Dijitalde en \u00fcst nokta 0 dBFS’tir.<\/p>\n

\"\"

dBFS Meter<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sinyalin G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye Oran\u0131<\/h3>\n

Sinyalin g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye oran\u0131 (Signal-to-Noise Ratio ya da k\u0131saca S\/N Ratio), g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc e\u015fi\u011fi (sinyalin dip sese kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviye) ile normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma seviyesi aras\u0131nda kalan aland\u0131r. Bu oran da dinamik alan gibi dB cinsinden ifade edilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Headroom<\/h3>\n

Evet, sonunda headroom’a geldik… Headroom, dinamik alan ve sinyalin g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye oran\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131r. dB cinsinden ifade edilir. Headroom, normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma seviyesinden sonra, sinyal en \u00fcst noktaya ula\u015f\u0131p bozulmaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce ka\u00e7 dB marj oldu\u011funu belirtir.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafikte dinamik alan, normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma seviyesi, sinyalin g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye oran\u0131 ve headroom aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Headroom Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h3>\n

Headroom d\u00f6rt sebepten dolay\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

1- Dijital sistemlerde 0 dBFS en \u00fcst noktad\u0131r. Sinyalde anl\u0131k, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli veya uzun s\u00fcreli bozulmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in 0 dBFS noktas\u0131ndan uzak durmak gereklidir. Headroom bu ba\u011flamda g\u00fcvenli bir alan olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma seviyesi 0 dBFS’e yak\u0131n tutulursa bu alan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olur ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sinyaldeki seviye art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmaya yol a\u00e7ma riski daha fazla olur. Headroom, g\u00fcvenli bir alan olu\u015fturdu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

2- Sinyal normal bir g\u00f6stergede 0 dBFS’in alt\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor olsa da intersample peak kaynakl\u0131 olarak asl\u0131nda 0 dBFS’in \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve bozulmaya u\u011fruyor olabilir. Headroom, intersample peak kaynakl\u0131 bozulmalara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir alan olu\u015fturdu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

3- Miksi tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra d\u00f6n\u00fcp revize etmeniz gerekirse, kanallar\u0131n seviye ayarlar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ya da efektler ekledi\u011finizde veya EQ, kompres\u00f6r gibi i\u015flemciler kullanarak sinyal \u00fczerinde modifikasyon yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda miksin genel seviyesi y\u00fckselebilir. Headroom, miksin genel seviyesindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n (genel seviyeyi master fader ile azaltmaya gerek kalmadan) tolere edilebilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

4- Mastering m\u00fchendisleri bitmi\u015f miks \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken EQ ve kompres\u00f6r gibi sinyal i\u015flemciler kullan\u0131rlar. Bu i\u015flemciler sinyalde art\u0131\u015fa sebep olabilir. Bu sebepten dolay\u0131 mastering m\u00fchendisleri 3-6 dB civar\u0131nda bir alana ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar. Headroom, mastering m\u00fchendislerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde art\u0131k A\/D \u00e7eviricilerin olduk\u00e7a geli\u015fti\u011fini ve bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra projelerimizde 24-bit ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek headroom b\u0131rakmamak i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir sebebimiz yok.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teknik terimler i\u00e7in m\u00fczik teknolojisi, m\u00fczik prod\u00fcksiyonu ve ses kay\u0131t terimleri s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne<\/a> g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Benzer payla\u015f\u0131mlar i\u00e7in beni Facebook<\/a> ve Twitter<\/a>‘da takip edebilir, haberler i\u00e7in mesaj listeme \u00fcye olabilirsiniz<\/a>. Te\u015fekk\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131k foto\u011fraf\u0131:\u00a0Sa\u0161o Tu\u0161ar | Unsplash<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a9 2018 Ufuk \u00d6nen. Her hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130zinsiz kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  “Headroom nedir?” “Headroom neden \u00f6nemlidir?” Bu sorular\u0131 cevaplamadan \u00f6nce dinamik alan\u0131n (dynamic range) ne oldu\u011funu iyi anlamak gerekir.  …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3705,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.ufukonen.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/headroom_1280x720.jpg","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3rjsG-XG","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4836,"url":"https:\/\/www.ufukonen.com\/tr\/mikrofonlar-signal-to-noise-ratio.html","url_meta":{"origin":3700,"position":0},"title":"Mikrofonlar ve Signal-to-Noise Ratio","date":"June 3, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Bir \u00f6nceki hafta mikrofonlar\u0131n kendi dip g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcleri ile ilgili \"Mikrofonlar ve Equivalent Noise Level\" ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015f, 'self noise' olarak da bilinen bu g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fclerin neden olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. 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