{"id":4820,"date":"2019-05-27T01:00:10","date_gmt":"2019-05-26T22:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ufukonen.com\/tr\/?p=4820"},"modified":"2021-04-29T23:16:18","modified_gmt":"2021-04-29T20:16:18","slug":"mikrofonlar-equivalent-noise-level","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ufukonen.com\/tr\/mikrofonlar-equivalent-noise-level.html","title":{"rendered":"Mikrofonlar ve Equivalent Noise Level"},"content":{"rendered":"

‘Equivalent noise level’ ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla ‘equivalent self rating’, basit\u00e7e mikrofonun kendi dip g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Bu sebepten dolay\u0131 ‘self noise’ olarak da bilinir. Self noise, mikrofonun diyafram\u0131na ula\u015fan herhangi bir ses dalgas\u0131 olmasa bile mikrofonun \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hep vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mikrofonlarda farkl\u0131 sebeplerden dolay\u0131 olu\u015fan farkl\u0131 tip dip g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcler olur: Ak\u0131m\u0131n devre i\u00e7inde yol al\u0131rken olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcler ‘Poisson noise’ veya ‘shot noise’ olarak bilinir. Is\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u0131kan termal g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fclere ‘Johnson noise’ ad\u0131 verilir. Bunlara ek olarak mikrofonun \u00e7evresindeki hava molek\u00fcllerinin hareketi de mikrofonun diyafram\u0131na \u00e7arp\u0131p g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n

Analog kay\u0131t d\u00f6neminde band\u0131n dip g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc, mikrofonlar\u0131n dip g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fclerinden genelde daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in equivalent noise level \u00e7ok da \u00f6nemsenen bir de\u011fer de\u011fildi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise kaliteli mikrofon pre-amplifikat\u00f6rleri ve kaliteli analog-dijital \u00e7eviricilerle (A\/D converters) yap\u0131lan dijital kay\u0131tlarda bu de\u011fer art\u0131k \u00f6nem kazand\u0131. Bu, \u00f6zellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ses bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00fcreten ses kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 iyi bir kay\u0131t zinciri ile dijital ortama kaydederken dikkat edilmesi gereken bir konu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm<\/h3>\n

Equivalent noise level \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in mikrofon ses ge\u00e7irmeyen bir oda veya b\u00f6lmeye yerle\u015ftiriliyor. Baz\u0131 firmalar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n daha iyi \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mikrofonu \u00fczerinde kaps\u00fcl\u00fc olmadan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcyor ancak sayg\u0131n firmalar bunu genelde yapm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Neumann \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm b\u00f6lmesi. Foto\u011fraf Neumann web sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/div>\n

Equivalent noise level genelde dB SPL cinsinden ifade ediliyor. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm i\u00e7in A-weighting dengesi kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu sebepten dolay\u0131 de\u011ferler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman dB(A) olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131yor. Kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer bir denge de, CCIR-weighting olarak da bilinen, ITU-weighting dengesi.<\/p>\n

\"\"

A-Weighting Dengesi<\/p><\/div>\n

Dengeler ile ilgili olarak daha \u00f6nce “Ses Bas\u0131n\u00e7 Seviyesi \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri: A-Weighting ve C-Weighting Dengeleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Okumak isterseniz buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/a>.<\/p>\n

De\u011ferler<\/h3>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en sayg\u0131n mikrofon firmalar\u0131ndan biri olan Neumann, equivalent noise level (self noise) de\u011ferlerini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

10 dB(A) ve alt\u0131<\/h4>\n

\u00c7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck self noise. Bu kadar iyi de\u011ferler sadece b\u00fcy\u00fck diyaframl\u0131 modern kondenser mikrofonlarda bulunabiliyor.<\/p>\n

11 dB(A) -15 dB(A) aras\u0131<\/h4>\n

\u00c7ok iyi. Bu kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011fere sahip bir mikrofonun dip g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn mikse olumsuz bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131mas\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir ihtimal.<\/p>\n

16 dB(A) -19 dB(A) aras\u0131<\/h4>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu uygulama i\u00e7in yeterli.<\/p>\n

20 dB(A) -23 dB(A) aras\u0131<\/h4>\n

St\u00fcdyo kay\u0131tlar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek bir de\u011fer. Y\u00fcksek ses bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00fcreten kaynaklar (enstr\u00fcmanlar) i\u00e7in idare edebilir ancak konu\u015fma seviyesinin (yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 dB SPL) alt\u0131nda ses bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00fcreten ses kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in kabul edilemez.<\/p>\n

24 dB(A) ve \u00fcst\u00fc<\/h4>\n

St\u00fcdyo kay\u0131tlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kabul edilemez.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Neumann TLM 103. Equivalent noise level: 7 dB(A)<\/p><\/div>\n

Yukar\u0131da da belirtti\u011fim gibi, equivalent noise level, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kaliteli mikrofon pre-amplifikat\u00f6rleri ve kaliteli analog-dijital \u00e7eviricilerle (A\/D converters) yap\u0131lan dijital kay\u0131tlarda, \u00f6zellikle kaydedilen ses kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi ses bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, dikkat edilmesi gereken bir de\u011fer.<\/p>\n

\u0130lgili yaz\u0131: Mikrofonlar ve Signal-to-Noise Ratio<\/a><\/p>\n

Teknik terimler i\u00e7in m\u00fczik teknolojisi, m\u00fczik prod\u00fcksiyonu ve ses kay\u0131t terimleri s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne<\/a> g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Benzer payla\u015f\u0131mlar i\u00e7in beni Facebook<\/a> ve Twitter<\/a>‘da takip edebilir, haberler i\u00e7in mesaj listeme \u00fcye olabilirsiniz<\/a>. Te\u015fekk\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131k foto\u011fraf\u0131: vanleuven0<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0Pixabay<\/a><\/p>\n

Neumann \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm b\u00f6lmesi foto\u011fraf\u0131 Neumann web sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (link<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Neumann TLM 103 mikrofon foto\u011fraf\u0131 Neumann web sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (link<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\u00a9 2019 Ufuk \u00d6nen. Her hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130zinsiz kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

‘Equivalent noise level’ ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla ‘equivalent self rating’, basit\u00e7e mikrofonun kendi dip g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Bu sebepten dolay\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4829,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.ufukonen.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Mikrofon_Equivalent_Noise_Level.jpg","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3rjsG-1fK","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4836,"url":"https:\/\/www.ufukonen.com\/tr\/mikrofonlar-signal-to-noise-ratio.html","url_meta":{"origin":4820,"position":0},"title":"Mikrofonlar ve Signal-to-Noise Ratio","date":"June 3, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Bir \u00f6nceki hafta mikrofonlar\u0131n kendi dip g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcleri ile ilgili \"Mikrofonlar ve Equivalent Noise Level\" ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015f, 'self noise' olarak da bilinen bu g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fclerin neden olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. 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